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Butane - C4H10

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Because butane liquefies easily under moderate pressure but turns back into a gas the moment that pressure is released, it is perfect for portable fuel applications. One the most recognizable uses is a Cigarette lighter. Because butane doesn't require a heavy steel tank to stay liquid, it can be kept in small, thin plastic lighters. Portable "gas canisters" used for hiking and camping typically contain butane (or a butane/propane mix).
History: The discovery of butane is often credited to two different figures: Edward Frankland (1849): A British chemist who accidentally synthesized butane while experimenting with ethyl iodide and zinc. At the time, he didn't fully realize what he had created and misidentified it. Edmund Ronalds (1864): An English industrial chemist who first identified butane in its natural state within crude petroleum. He was the first to accurately describe its properties and originally named it "hydride of butyl." Walter Snelling (1910s): While not the discoverer, Snelling was the American chemist who figured out how to liquefy butane and propane for storage. This led to the creation of the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) industry.